“Each new step into his new human existence is frightening. It always means to give up a secure state, which was relatively known, for one which is new, which one has not yet mastered. Undoubtedly, if the infant could think at the moment of the severance of the umbilical cord, he would experience the fear of dying. A loving fate protects us from this first panic. But at any new step, at any new stage of our birth, we are afraid again. We are never free from two conflicting tendencies: one to emerge from the womb, from the animal form of existence into a more human existence, from bondage to freedom; another, to return to the womb, to nature, to certainty and security.”

German-American social psychologist and psychoanalyst

Erich Seligmann Fromm was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. Born in Germany, he later settled in the United States after fleeing the Nazi regime. He is known for his work at the intersection of psychology, philosophy, and social thought. Fromm was one of the founders of the William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology in New York City. He was also associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. His writing and thought often concerned human freedom, society, and the conditions of a more humane way of life.