“The book is like the spoon, scissors, the hammer, the wheel. Once invented, it cannot be improved. You cannot make a spoon that is better than a spoon... The book has been thoroughly tested, and it's very hard to see how it could be improved on for its current purposes.”

Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist

Umberto Eco was an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and commentator on political and social life. He is best known in English for his 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, which brought together historical mystery, semiotics, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. He later wrote Foucault's Pendulum, published in 1988, a novel that explores the history of occultism and how it is interpreted in the modern age. His work moves across scholarship and fiction, often linking ideas about signs, texts, history, and culture.