“The sitting prime minister, Jose Aznar, who had strongly backed the U.S.-led Iraq War, was unseated by a challenger who then pulled Spanish troops out of Iraq. The Madrid terrorist attacks are generally regarded as being the key to why Aznar, who had been leading in the polls, was defeated.”

American journalist, documentary producer, professor, and author

Peter Lampert Bergen is an American journalist, documentary producer, think tank executive, professor, and author. He is best known for his reporting and commentary on foreign policy, national security, and counterterrorism. His work centers on issues of international security and U.S. policy, and he has built a career across journalism, documentary production, academic work, and think tank leadership. His writing and public analysis focus on how governments respond to threats and conflict.