“When Rumsfeld gets up on television and says we have definitive intelligence that al Qaeda is working with Iraq, how is an ordinary citizen supposed to react? They won't tell you the evidence, and when anyone asks, they say, 'Well, you know: It's secret.'”

Linguist and political theorist from the United States, active since the 1950s. He developed foundational theories of generative grammar and cognitive linguistics, reshaping modern linguistics. His work also spans political philosophy, media criticism, and human rights advocacy, often challenging power structures and corporate influence.