“The Introduction to Arithmetic of Nicomachus is but a restatement of facts which were common property... long before him, and that, except for the few unimportant propositions the discovery of which our author... claims for himself, the book is largely unoriginal. This naturally leads to the inference that the Introduction must be closely connected with other mathematical treatises, which served as the fountains... Because so little remains of this literature, [our inference] is difficult to demonstrate...”