“It would seem... that heat set free should be attributed to the friction of the molecules of the metal, which change place relatively to each other, that is, the heat is set free just where the moving force is expended. ...We may also cite... the heat produced by the extension of a metallic rod just before it breaks... the greater the elongation before rupture, the more considerable is the elevation of temperature.”

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About Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

French military engineer and physicist

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, known as Sadi Carnot, was a French military engineer and physicist. He was active in the early 19th century and is remembered for his work on the science of heat. A graduate of the École polytechnique, he served as an officer in the Engineering Arm of the French Army while also pursuing scientific study. In June 1824, he published Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, his only book, where he set out the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines.

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