“One of the most memorable events in the history of America since the Civil War is the well-known movement for higher intellectual endeavor. It started in 1863, when, with the sanction and support of Lincoln, the {{w|National Academy of Sciences}} was founded. Joseph Henry, {{w|Frederick A. P. Barnard|Frederick Barnard}}, {{w|John William Draper|William Draper}}, {{w|Andrew Dickson White|Andrew White}}, {{w|Daniel Colt Gilman|Daniel Gilman}}, and several other idealists of the Academy were its spiritual leaders.”