“After the Meiji restoration in 1868, Japan adopted an expansionist and colonial attitude towards its neighbours. It sought to identify itself with the West and looked down upon the Asian continent as backward and inferior. For most of the next 70 years, Japan was at war, mainly with its neighbours.”

British academic, journalist, political commentator and writer

Martin Jacques is a British academic, journalist, political commentator and writer. He first came to prominence as editor of Marxism Today, which he led from 1977 to 1991, turning it into an influential place for debate on the British left. He later co-founded the think tank Demos in 1993 and wrote regularly as a columnist for major British newspapers, including The Times, The Sunday Times, The Independent, The Observer, The Guardian and the New Statesman. He is also known for his 2009 book When China Rules the World, which argues that China’s rise will reshape the global order and end Western dominance in international affairs.