“A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea which is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires.”

Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was a Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher who ruled from 161 to 180. He was a member of the Nerva Antonine dynasty and is remembered as the last of the rulers later known as the Five Good Emperors, as well as the last emperor of the Pax Romana. He served as Roman consul in 140, 145, and 161. His name is closely associated with Stoic thought and with the late years of the Roman Empire’s long period of relative peace and stability.