“Microsoft had captured control over the operating system. And the reason it was able to maintain that dominance is because there was this what was known as the applications barrier to entry, right operating systems in order to be desirable to consumers needed to have a base level of applications.”

Pakistani-British-American legal scholar, FTC chair from 2021 to 2025

Lina Maliha Khan is a Pakistani-British-American legal scholar and regulator who served as chair of the Federal Trade Commission from 2021 to 2025. She is also an associate professor at Columbia Law School. Khan is known for her work on antitrust and competition policy, and for helping shape debates over the power of large firms and the role of government oversight. Her writing and public statements often focus on market concentration, regulation, and how legal rules affect competition.