“There should really not be anything gratuitous in a work of art. Sometimes what seems as if it's gratuitous may be a passage in which a character is being characterized so that the reader comes to know him or her better.”

American writer

Joyce Carol Oates is an American writer. Since her first book appeared in 1963, she has published 58 novels, along with plays, novellas, short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Her work has received wide recognition. Her novel Them won the National Book Award in 1969, and Black Water, What I Lived For, Blonde, and the short story collection Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories were all finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. She has also received two O. Henry Awards, the National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize in 2019.