“The truth is, that in all cases a certain number at least seems to be necessary to secure the benefits of free consultation and discussion, and to guard against too easy a combination for improper purposes; as, on the other hand, the number ought at most to be kept within a certain limit, in order to avoid the confusion and intemperance of a multitude. In all very numerous assemblies, of whatever character composed, passion never fails to wrest the sceptre from reason. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob.”

American statesman and diplomat

James Madison was an American statesman, diplomat, and political leader of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and the fourth president of the United States, serving from 1809 to 1817. He is best known as a Founding Father and for his central role in shaping the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Before becoming president, Madison helped draft and advance the Constitution of the United States, a role that earned him the title "Father of the Constitution." His public life was defined by constitutional government, the early republic, and the work of building the new nation.