“I thought of the people before me who had looked down at the river and gone to sleep beneath it. I wondered about them. I wondered how they had done it--it, the physical act.I simply wondered about the dead because their days had ended and I did not know how I would get through mine.”

American writer and civil rights activist

James Arthur Baldwin was an American writer and civil rights activist. He became known for his essays, novels, plays, and poems, and for his forceful public voice during the civil rights movement in the United States. His novel Go Tell It on the Mountain was published in 1953, and Notes of a Native Son, the 1955 essay collection, helped establish his reputation as a writer committed to human equality. He also took part in a 1965 debate with William F. Buckley that is regarded as highly influential.