“Here was the South Side--a million in captivity--stretching from this doorstep as far as the eye could see. And they didn't even read; depressed populations don't have the time or energy to spare. The affluent populations, which should have their help, didn't as far as could be discovered, read, either--they merely bought books and devoured them, but not in order to learn: in order to learn new attitudes.”

American writer and civil rights activist

James Arthur Baldwin was an American writer and civil rights activist. He became known for his essays, novels, plays, and poems, and for his forceful public voice during the civil rights movement in the United States. His novel Go Tell It on the Mountain was published in 1953, and Notes of a Native Son, the 1955 essay collection, helped establish his reputation as a writer committed to human equality. He also took part in a 1965 debate with William F. Buckley that is regarded as highly influential.