“[S]ymbol-manipulation consists of three... hypotheses... [[Mind|[M]ind]] [1] represents abstract relationships between variables... [2] has a system of recursively structured representations... [3] distinguishes between mental representations of individuals and mental representations of kinds. ...[T]hese can stand or fall separately. Any given model... can be consistent with one subset of the... hypotheses... or all...”

American psychologist, cognitive scientist, and author

Gary Fred Marcus is an American psychologist, cognitive scientist, and author. He is known for research at the intersection of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. His work focuses on how the mind works and on the limits and possibilities of AI. He writes and speaks about the relationship between human cognition and machine intelligence, bringing together ideas from psychology and neuroscience.