“The code of life is like a Beethoven symphony. We have not yet learned how to write music like that. But evolution does it very well. I am learning how to use evolution to compose new music.”

American chemical engineer, Nobel laureate

Frances Hamilton Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate. She is the Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry at the California Institute of Technology. She won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering the use of directed evolution to engineer enzymes. Her work has helped shape modern protein engineering, and her public remarks often reflect the practical and scientific value of experimentation, design, and discovery.