“[S]he openly challenged every social, cultural, and legal barrier that she viewed as inimical and oppressive to the full equality of the women in her society, thereby contributing more directly than had the reformers of an earlier generation to the construction of an Egyptian feminist discourse surrounding women's rights and Islam. ...Dora Shafik attempted to shape a new consciousness... on several fronts: first, through writing; second, through developing a feminist organization and political party; and finally, through a strategy of direct, militant confrontation.”