Edgar Lawrence Smith

“All lenders of money, particularly bondholders, favor an appreciating currency. No other class is always actively in favor of an appreciating currency. In theory they all believe in sound or stable currency, but each, in his effort to widen the margin of profit that he makes in relation to profits in other lines, at times subscribes to activities which tend toward depreciation. Fortunately business men are both buyers and sellers. In buying they work for appreciating dollars, in selling they endeavor to depreciate the currency.”

“In periods of high interest rates, such as were current in 1866, long term bonds are not freely offered, as the managements of issuing companies endeavor to protect themselves against the permanent payment of such rates.”

“"Safety of principal," yes—that is the first essential. But what is "principal"—is it merely the obligation of some sound organization to repay a certain number of fluctuating measures of value at a future date? What if, at the date of repayment, the measure has shrunk to one-half of its present size? Has the principal been safeguarded?”

“The Dollar to-day is a different measure from the Dollar of yesterday.”

“Labor seeking higher wages is, in part, attacking the value of the dollar; farmers seeking higher prices for their products and eager to pay off the mortgage on the farm are, in part, assailing the value of the dollar; tariff protected industries join in reducing the purchasing power of the dollar. All debtors favor a depreciating dollar.”

“It is assumed that the reader is familiar with some, at least, of the various conceptions of the business cycle currently discussed by economists. These are summarized, in greater detail than is necessary for our present purposes, in Mitchell's "Business Cycles, The Problem and the Setting" (1927), and King's "The Cause of Economic Fluctuations" (1938); the latter being noteworthy for its sympathetic reference to those who have found it necessary to push their search for the underlying causes of business cycles beyond the limits customarily regarded as the boundaries of the economic field.”

“The tests which are the subject of this discussion were devised to disclose how much reliance could be replaced upon an Index of the Price Level for Industrial Common Stocks compiled from the point of view of investment values rather than of price changes.”